HYBRID CAR TECHNOLOGY EFI COURSE IN BANNU BUNNER

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A hybrid car, in the simplest terms, is one that uses two different energy sources to maximise efficiency. This usually means combining electrical energy stored in batteries, with the combustion energy of petrol or diesel fuel.Some systems just use the combustion engine as a generator. These cars are known as range-extender or ‘series’ hybrids and are driven exclusively by electric motors, with the internal combustion engine providing no direct drive.Hybrid vehicles (HEVs) are typically equipped with two different propulsion technologies: an electric motor powered by a rechargeable battery pack and an internal combustion engine (ICE) that’s typically gasoline-powered. While the high voltage battery pack provides the energy to the electric motor(s), which propels the vehicle at lower speeds, the combustion engine provides the torque at higher speeds. There are many differences between electric, hybrid, and standard gas vehicles, but the combination of the electric motor(s) and an ICE are the main distinctions. Plug-in hybrids (PHEVs) and HEVs differ slightly. An HEV typically utilizes a combination of an ICE and a high voltage electric drive system that helps to provide propulsion or propulsion assist. Regenerative braking helps recharge the battery. A PHEV is a hybrid electric vehicle whose battery pack can also be recharged by plugging a charging cable into an external electric power source. The propulsion strategy in PHEVs uses the larger battery to drive the vehicle in full electric mode until much of the battery charge is spent. When this happens, the propulsion strategy changes to work like an HEV using the remaining battery charge, the ICE, or both. A hybrid car is one that uses more than one means of propulsion: a petrol or diesel engine and an electric motor.The main advantage of a hybrid is that it should consume less fuel and subsequently emit less CO2 than a comparable conventional petrol or diesel-engined vehicle. Because hybrid cars often have lower CO2 emissions than conventionally engined cars, their owners may also get extra benefits in the shape of lower first year road tax and less costly company car tax, as well as possibly avoiding congestion charges. Compared to standard gas vehicles, hybrid versions of the same car model offer many "green" benefits. From lower emissions to better gas mileage, you can rest assured you'll be reducing your carbon footprint by making the switch. When weighing the environmental pros and cons of hybrid cars, here are a few of their advantages.

Greater Fuel Efficiency: Because hybrid cars don't solely rely on their gas engine to run, less fuel may be needed to propel a hybrid vehicle. The effect — improved fuel efficiency.

Reduced CO2 Emissions: Standard vehicles emit tailpipe emissions that can wreak havoc on the environment. Hybrids have better fuel efficiency and conserve more energy, thus emitting fewer carbon emissions.

Less Fossil Fuel Dependency: Since hybrid vehicles are able to utilize the high voltage battery pack and electric motor(s) for propulsion, they don't rely on fossil fuels as much as standard gas cars.

Regenerative Braking: When you apply the brakes while driving most hybrid vehicles, energy is produced and used to recharge your high voltage battery. This action can result in less fuel consumption.

hybrid vehicles are considerably more expensive than their ICE counterparts. In addition to all the technology that is commonly installed in a conventional car, hybrid vehicles feature:

electric motor(s)

a large battery pack

gear mechanisms that complement the necessities of transferring power from ICE and electric motors to the wheels

substantial additional wiring

an enhanced cooling system

a considerably more complex central computer system.

Apart from increasing the overall purchasing cost, added tech in a hybrid car can affect maintenance costs. To be specific, the maintenance might end up being surprisingly pricey if the hybrid system elements sustain any damage. Although car manufacturers offer comprehensive warranties for the hybrid parts (including the battery), with coverage for seven or more years, buying a used hybrid car still represents a particular risk. For example, replacing the damaged or worn battery can reach $6,000 outside warranty (depending on the vehicle and type of the battery).